Hollow Cylinder
Hollow Cylinder Apparatus is one of the most advanced equipment in civil and geotechnical engineering, characterizing monotonic and cyclic responses of granular materials. It has been known as iconic equipment because of its appealing capability of assigning different normal and shear stress components without any nonuniformity in the boundary condition. This equipment is capable of assigning strain-controlled monotonic and cyclic axial force and torque up to 20 kN and 200 N.m, respectively. Advanced command-wise control of outer and inner cells employing servo-volume-pressure controller modules is another striking feature expanding the versatility of this equipment. A great number of options are also available, including on-sample LVDT for localized axial deformation, Image processing systems for monitoring inner and outer cells, vertical and horizontal bender elements, and high air-entry value ceramic for unsaturated investigation.